The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century读书介绍

Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Inequality declines when carnage and disaster strike and increases when peace and stability return. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world.

Ever since humans began to farm, herd livestock, and pass on their assets to future generations, economic inequality has been a defining feature of civilization. Over thousands of years, only violent events have significantly lessened inequality. The "Four Horsemen" of leveling―mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolutions, state collapse, and catastrophic plagues―have repeatedly destroyed the fortunes of the rich. Scheidel identifies and examines these processes, from the crises of the earliest civilizations to the cataclysmic world wars and communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Today, the violence that reduced inequality in the past seems to have diminished, and that is a good thing. But it casts serious doubt on the prospects for a more equal future.

An essential contribution to the debate about inequality, The Great Leveler provides important new insights about why inequality is so persistent―and why it is unlikely to decline anytime soon.

沃尔特·沙伊德尔(Walter Scheidel)，美国斯坦福大学人文学科迪卡森讲席教授、古典学和历史学教授，人类生物学系的肯尼迪-格罗斯曼研究员，是当前国际古希腊、古罗马史研究领域最重要、最活跃的学者之一。

沙伊德尔已经出版了十几部著作，包括《罗马与中国》《剑桥希腊罗马经济史》等，并在前现代社会和经济史、人口统计学和比较史学等领域发表了大量文章。

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